surface crust

With continuing of rainfall, the influence of soil-aggregated degree was very great. Seventhly, mutual effect between soil crust and raindrop splash was studied, the result showed that splash erosion rate was greatly increased, once soil surface crust was formed.

雨滴溅蚀和结皮效应对土壤侵蚀影响的试验研究七、表土结皮形成对土壤溅蚀的影响：随着表土结皮的逐渐形成，土壤抗侵蚀能力增强，土壤溅蚀速率急剧减小。

A fissure in the earth's crust ( or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt.

喷发熔化的火山岩和气体的地球外壳（或是其他行星的表面）的裂缝。

Organic rubbers develop a resinous surface crust through weathering.

有机橡胶经过风蚀后,逐呈现出树脂状的外表.

Anelastic structure and evolution of the continental crust and upper mantle from seismic surface wave attenuation

根据地震面波衰减讨论大陆地壳与上地幔的滞弹性结构和演化

The rocks of the crust actually form thin shell which covers the surface of the globe.

地壳的岩石覆盖在地球表面,其实构成了地球薄薄的外壳.

The surface crust of red soil formatted after rain has great impacts on runoff and sediment. It can affect the infiltration, evaporation and moisture of soil. Meanwhile the cycle of soil water may be changed by the surface crust.

红壤在降雨之后形成的地表结皮，不但影响土壤产流产沙，也影响降水入渗、水分从地表蒸发以及土壤水分状况，并可能改变土壤水分循环。

The conditions for electro and magnetic precursor are the tectonic unit, the composition and thickness of Cenozoic group, the soil type near the surface and the lithologic property under Cenozoic group and the depth of the layer with high electric conductivity in the earth crust.

影响地电磁类台站映震能力的主要条件是构造单元、新生界盖层的结构与厚度、表土岩性、基底岩性与壳内高导层顶面埋深等。

The microorganism crust mainly distribute on the surface of drifting or semi-drifting sand dunes.

沙垄顶部为流动或半流动沙丘,主要以微生物种类分布为主.

By energy transition principle of elastic mechanics, the physics relation between strain around fault and tectonic force on fault surface is set up and main body element model of crust strain is put forward.

利用SCHOLZ断层能量动态平衡过程，建立了断层周边应变累积与断层面构造力的一般物理关系，据此提出以断裂带为主体的地壳应变主体单元模型。

Coal is formed near the surface from plant matter, while diamonds are formed in the Earth's mantle-over ninety miles ( 145 km) closer to the core-and then carried up to the crust during volcanic eruptions.

煤炭主要是由地球表面的植物残骸堆积演变而成，而钻石则形成于地幔之中——距离地心90余英里（145公里）——然后在火山爆发时被带至地壳表面。

As the water evaporates, a crust of salt is left on the surface of the soil.

随着水分的蒸发，地面上留下了一层结晶盐。

An earthquake is a sudden tremor or movement of the earth's crust, which originates at or below the surface.

地震是地壳一次突然的震动或运动，起源于地球表面或以下。